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Plastering
is not usually successful, although there are cases where a mixture of equal
parts of cement and sand has apparently been successful; and when finished
rough, it did not show any cracks. It is generally considered impossible to
apply concrete mortar in thin layers to a concrete surface, and make it adhere
for any length of time. When the plastering begins to scale off, it looks worse
than the unfinished surface. This paragraph is intended more as a warning
against this manner of finishing concrete surfaces than as a description of it
as an approved method of finish. The following method has been adopted by the
New York Central Railroad for giving a good finish to exposed concrete
surfaces: The forms of 2-inch tongued-and-grooved pine were coated with soft
soap, all openings in the joints of the forms being filled with hard soap. The
concrete was then deposited, and, as it progressed, was drawn back from the
face with a square-pointed shovel, and 1:2 concrete mortar poured in along the
forms. When the forms were removed, and while the concrete was green, the
surface was rubbed, with a circular motion, with pieces of white firebrick, or
brick composed of one part cement and one part sand.
The concrete surface was
then dampened and painted with a 1: 1 grout, rubbed in, and finished with a
wooden float, leaving a smooth and hard surface when dry. The following method
of placing concrete mortar facing has been found very satisfactory, and has
been adopted very extensively in the last few years: A sheet-iron plate 6 or 8
inches wide and about 5 or 6 feet long, has riveted across it on one side
angles of -1-inch size, or such other size as may be necessary to give the
desired thickness of concrete mortar facing, these angles being spaced about
two feet apart (Fig 116). In operation, the ribs of the angles are placed
against the forms; and the space between the plate and forms is filled with concrete
mortar, which is mixed in small batches, and thoroughly tamped. The concrete
back-filling is then placed; the mould is withdrawn; and the facing and back-
filling are crammed together. The concrete mortar facing is mixed in the
proportion of one part cement, to 1, 2, or 3 parts sand; usually a 1: 2 mixture
is employed, mixed wet and in small batches as used. As concrete mortar facing
shows the roughness of the forms more readily than concrete does, care is
required in constructing, to secure a smooth finish. When the forms are
removed, the face may be treated either in the manner already described, or
according to the following method taken from the "Proceedings" of the
American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association: "After
the forms are removed, any small cavities or openings in the concrete shall be
filled with concrete mortar, if necessary. Any ridges due to cracks or joints
in the lumber shall be rubbed down; the entire face shall be washed with a thin
grout of the consistency of whitewash, mixed in the proportion of 1 part cement
to 2 parts of sand.
The wash shall be applied with a brush." Concrete
surfaces may be finished to represent ashlars concrete. The process is similar
to stone-dressing; and any of the forms of finish employed for cut stone can be
used for concrete. Very often, when the surface is finished to represent
ashlars concrete, vertical and horizontal three- sided pieces of wood are
fastened to the forms to make V-shaped depressions in the concrete, as shown. A facing of stone or brick is frequently used
for reinforced concrete, and is a very satisfactory solution of the problem of
finish. The same care is required with a stone or brick facing as if the entire
structure were stone or brick. The Ingalls Building at Cincinnati, Ohio, 16
stories, is veneered on the outside with marble to a height of three stories,
and with brick and terra-cotta above the third story.
Are You in Hanover Massachusetts? Do You
Need Concrete Cutting?
We Are Your Local
Concrete Cutter
Call 781-519-2456
We Service Hanover MA
and all surrounding Cities & Towns
