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of the facing, the concrete wall is 8 inches thick. In constructing the Harvard
University Stadium, care was taken, after the concrete was placed in the forms,
to force the stones back from the face and permit the concrete mortar to cover
every stone. When the forms were removed, the surface was picked with a tool as
shown in Fig. 118. A pneumatic tool has also been adopted for this purpose. The
number of square feet to be picked per day depends on the hardness of the
concrete. If the picking is performed by hand, it is done by a common laborer;
and he is expected to cover, on an average, about 50 square feet per day of ten
hours. With a pneumatic tool, .a man would cover from 400 to 500 square feet
per day. Several concrete bridges in Philadelphia have been finished according
to the following specifications; and their appearance is very satisfactory: "Granolithic
surfacing, where required, shall be composed of 1 part cement, 2 parts coarse
sand or gravel, and 2 parts granolithic grit, made into a stiff concrete
mortar. Granolithic grit shall be granite or trap rock, crushed to pass a
k-inch sieve, and I = 25, screened of dust.
For vertical surfaces, the mixture shall
be deposited against the face forms to a minimum thickness of 1 inch, by
skilled workmen, as the placing of the concrete proceeds; and it thus forms a
part of the body of the work. Care must be taken to prevent the occurrence of
air-spaces or voids in the surface. The face shall be removed as soon as the
concrete has sufficiently hardened; and any voids that may appear shall be
filled with the mixture. The surface shall then be immediately washed with
water until the grit is exposed and rinsed clean; and shall be protected from the
sun and kept moist for three days. For bridge-seat courses and other horizontal
surfaces, the granolithic mixture shall be deposited Fig. 118. Pick for Facing on
the concrete to a thickness of at least 1- inches, immediately after the
concrete has been tamped and before it has set, and shall be finished to an even
surface, and, after it has set sufficiently hard, shall be washed until the
grit is exposed." The success of this method depends greatly on the
removal of the forms at the proper time. In general the washing is done the day
following that on which the concrete was deposited. The fresh concrete is
scrubbed with an ordinary scrubbing-brush, removing the film, the impressions
of the forms, and exposing the sand and stone of the concrete. If this is done
at the right time that is, when the material is at the proper degree of
hardness merely a few rubs of an ordinary house scrubbing-brush, with a free
flow of water to cut and to rinse clean, constitutes all the work and apparatus
required. The cost of scrubbing is small if done at the right time.
A laborer
will wash 100 square feet in an hour; but if that same area is permitted to get
hard, it may require two men a day with wire brushes to secure the desired
results. The practicability of removing the forms at the proper time for such
treatment depends upon the character of the structure and the conditions under
which the work must be done. This method is applicable to vertical concrete
walls, but it would not be applicable to the soffit of an arch. This treatment
consists in washing the surface of the concrete with diluted acid, then with an
alkaline solution. The diluted acid is applied first, to remove the cement and Reproduced
at actual size, expose the sand and stone; the alkaline solution is then
applied to remove all of the free acid; and finally the surface is washed with
clear water. The treatment may be applied at any time after the forms are
removed. It is simple and effective. Limestone cannot be used in the concrete
for any surfaces that are to have this treatment, as the limestone would be
affected by the acid. This process has been used very successfully.
Are You in Hanson Massachusetts? Do You
Need Concrete Cutting?
We Are Your Local
Concrete Cutter
Call 781-519-2456
We Service Hanson MA
and all surrounding Cities & Towns
