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Call 781-519-2456

We Service Hull MA and all surrounding Cities & Towns

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The finish coat and cinder concrete bond together, making a thickness of three inches. The cinder concrete may consist of a mixture of 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, and 6 parts cinders, and may be put down at any time; that is, this method of finishing a concrete floor can be used as satisfactorily on an old concrete floor as on one just constructed. In office buildings, and generally in factory buildings, a wooden concrete floor is laid over the concrete. Wooden stringers are first laid on the concrete, about 1 to 2 feet apart. The stringers are 2 inches thick and 3 inches wide on top, with sloping edges. The space 2" between the stringers is filled with cinder concrete, as shown in Fig. 121, usually mixed 1: 4: S. When the concrete has set, the concrete flooring is nailed to the stringers. The white deposit found on the surface of concrete, brick, and stone concrete is called efflorescence. It is caused by the leaching of certain lime compounds, which are deposited on the surface by the evaporation of the water. This is believed to be due primarily to the variation in the amount of water used in mixing the concrete mortar.

An excess of water will cause a segregation of the coarse and fine materials, resulting in a difference of color. In a very wet mixture, more lime will be set free from the cement and brought to the surface. When great care is used as to the amount of water, and care is taken to prevent the separation of the stone from the concrete mortar when deposited, the concrete will present a fairly uniform color when the forms are removed. There is greater danger of the efflorescence at joints than at any other point, unless special care is taken. If the work is to be continued within 24 hours, and care is taken to scrape and remove the laitance, and then, before the next layer is deposited, the scraped surface is coated with a thin cement concrete mortar, the joint should be impervious to moisture, and no trouble with efflorescence should be experienced. A very successful method of removing efflorescence from a concrete surface consists in applying a wash of diluted hydrochloric acid. The wash consists of 1 part acid to 5 parts water, and is applied with scrubbing brushes. Water is kept constantly played on the work, by means of a hose, to prevent the penetration of the acid.

The cleaning is very satisfactory, and for plain surfaces costs about 20 cents per square yard. Laitance is whitish, spongy material that is washed out of the concrete when it is deposited in water. Before settling on the concrete, it gives the water a milky appearance. It is a semi-fluid mass, composed of a very fine, flocculent matter in the cement; generally contains hydrate of lime; stays in a semi-fluid state for a long time; and acquires very little hardness at its best. Laitance interferes with the bonding of the layers of concrete, and should always be thoroughly cleaned from the surface before another layer of concrete is placed. No general rule can be given for laying out a plant for concrete work. Every job is generally a problem by itself, and usually requires a careful analysis to secure the most economical results. Since it is much easier and cheaper to handle the cement, sand, and stone before they are mixed, the mixing should be done as near the point of installation as possible All facilities for handling these materials, charging the concrete mixer, and distributing the concrete after it is mixed, must be secured and maintained.

The charging and distributing are often done by wheelbarrows or carts; and economy of operation depends largely upon system and regularity of operation. Simple cycles of operations, the maintenance of proper runways, together with clock-like regularity, are necessary for economy. To shorten the distance of wheeling the concrete, it is very often found, on large buildings, that it is more economical to have two medium-sized plants located some distance apart, than to have one large plant. In city work, where it is usually impossible to locate the hoist outside of the building, it is constructed in the elevator shaft or light well.

Are You in Hull Massachusetts? Do You Need Concrete Cutting?

We Are Your Local Concrete Cutter

Call 781-519-2456

We Service Hull MA and all surrounding Cities & Towns