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If
the attendant does not watch the condition of the materials very closely, the
proportions of the ingredients will vary greatly from what they should. The
Trump measuring device, shown, consists of a horizontal revolving table on
which rests the material to be measured, and a stationary knife set above the
table and pivoted on a vertical shaft outside the circumference. The knife can
be adjusted to extend a proper distance into the material, and to peel off, at
each revolution of the table, a certain amount, which falls into the chute. The
material peeled off is replaced from the supply contained in a bottomless
storage cylinder somewhat smaller in diameter than the table and revolving with
it. The depth of the cut of the knife is adjusted by swinging the knife around
on its pivot so that it extends a greater or less distance into the material.
The swing is controlled by a screw attached to an arm cast as part of the
knife.
A
micrometer scale, with pointer, indicates the position of the knife. When it is
desired to measure off and mix three materials, the machines are made with
three tables set one above the other and mounted on the same spindle so that
they revolve together. Each table has its own storage cylinder above it, the
cylinders being placed one within the other, as shown. In each case the source
of power for operating the concrete mixer, conveyors, hoists, derricks, or cableways
must be considered. If it is possible to run the machinery by electricity, it
is generally economical to do so. But this will depend a great deal upon the
local price of electricity. When all of the machinery can be supplied with
steam from one centrally located boiler then this arrangement will be found
perhaps more efficient. In the construction of some reinforced-concrete buildings,
.a part of the machinery was operated by steam and part by electricity. In
constructing the Ingalls Building, Cincinnati, the machinery was operated by a
gas engine, electric motor, and a steam engine. The concrete mixer was
generally run by a motor; but by shifting the belt, it could be run by the gas
engine. The hoisting was done by a 20-horsepower Lidgerwood engine. This engine
was also connected up to a boom derrick, to hoist lumber and steel.
The
practice of operating the machinery of one plant by power from different
sources, is to be questioned; but the practice of operating the concrete mixer
by steam and the hoist by electricity seems to be very common in the
construction of buildings A contractor, before purchasing machinery for
concrete work, should carefully investigate the different sources of power for
operating the machinery, not forgetting to consider the local conditions as
well as general conditions. A vertical steam engine is generally used to
operate the concrete mixer. The smaller sizes of engines and concrete mixers
are mounted on the same frame; but on account of the weight, it is necessary to
mount the larger sizes on separate frames. These engines are well-built, heavy
in construction, and will stand hard work and high speed. Gasoline engines are
used to some extent to operate concrete mixers. Their use so far has been limited
chiefly to portable plants such as those used for street work. The fuel for the
gasoline engine is much easier moved from place to place than the fuel for a steam
engine. Another advantage that the gasoline engine has over the steam engine is
that it does not require the constant attention of an engineer.
There
are two types of engines—the horizontal and the vertical. The vertical engines
occupy much less floor space for a given horsepower than the horizontal. While
each type has its advantages and disadvantages, there does not really appear to
be any very great advantage of one type over the other. Both types of engines
are what is commonly known as four-cycle engines. In the operation of a 4-cycle
engine, four strokes of the piston are required to draw in a charge of fuel,
compress and ignite it, and discharge the exhaust gases.
Are You in North Attleborough
Massachusetts?
Do You Need Concrete Cutting?
We Are Your Local
Concrete Cutter
Call 781-519-2456
We Service North Attleborough MA and all surrounding Cities & Towns
