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Fig.
133 shows a vertical gasoline engine made by the International Harvester
Company. The quantity of gasoline consumed in ten hours, on an average, is
about one gallon for each rated horse-power for any given size of engine. At 15
cents per gallon for gasoline, the hourly expense per horse-power will be 1.5
cents. When the concrete require hoisting, it is done sometimes by the same
engine that is used in mixing the concrete. It is generally considered better
practice on large buildings to have a separate unit to do the hoisting. If it
is possible to use a standard hoist, it is usually economical to do so. These
hoists are equipped with automatic dump buckets. Fig. 134 shows a standard
double-cylinder, double-friction-drum hoisting engine of the Lambert type. This
type of engine is designed to fulfill the requirements of a general contractor
for all classes of derrick work and hoisting. Steam can be applied by a single
boiler, or from a boiler that supplies various engines with steam. The double
friction drums are independent of each other; therefore one or two derricks can
be handled at the same time, if desired. This hoist is fitted with ratchets and
pawls, and winch-heads attached to the end of each drum-shaft. The winch-heads
can be used for any hoisting or hauling desired, independent of the drums.
These engines are also geared with reversible link motion. A friction crab
hoist of the latest type is illustrated in Fig. 135. The same engine that
drives the concrete mixer can be used to operate the crab hoist. By means of a
sprocket- wheel and chain, this crab hoist can be geared to any engine, and,
when so geared, is ready for hoisting purposes. The hoisting drum is controlled
by one lever.
This
hoist can be run by an electric motor, if desired. On account of the low price,
the friction crab has found much favor with contractors. Very often the cycle
of operation of a hoist is of an intermittent character. The power required is
at a maximum only a part of the time, even though the hoist may be operated
practically continuously. From an economical point of view, these conditions
give the electric motor-driven hoist special advantages, in that the electric
hoist should always be ready, but using power only when in actual operation and
then only in proportion to the load handled. The ease with which a motor is
moved, and the simplicity of the connection to the service supply, requiring
only two wires to be connected, are also in favor of the electric motor. Fig.
136 shows a motor made by the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing
Company, which is designed for the operation of cranes, hoists, or for
intermittent service in which heavy starting torques and a wide speed variation
are required. The frames are enclosed to guard against dirt and moisture, but
are so designed that the working parts may be exposed for inspection or
adjustment without dismantling. These motors are series-wound, and are designed
for operating on direct-current circuits.
The
motor frames are of cast steel, nearly square in section and very compact. The
frame is built in two parts, and so divided that the upper half of the field
can be removed without disturbing the gear or shaft, making it easy to take out
a pole-piece and field-coils, or to remove the armature. Fig. 137 shows the
controller for this type of motor. These controllers, when used for crane
service, may be placed directly in the crane cage and operated by hand, or
mounted on the resistance frames outside the cage, and operated by bell cranks
and levers, so that the attendant may stand closer to the operating handles and
away from the contacts and resistance. Poly-phase induction motors are being
used to some extent for general hoisting and derrick work. These motors may be
of the two-phase or three-phase type; but the latter are slightly more
efficient. These motors are provided with resistances in the rotor a circuit,
and with external contacts for varying the same.
Are You in Norton Massachusetts? Do You
Need Concrete Cutting?
We Are Your Local
Concrete Cutter
Call 781-519-2456
We Service Norton MA
and all surrounding Cities & Towns
