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If the surface of the planks that is placed next to the concrete is well oiled, the planks can be taken down much easier, and, if they are kept from the sun, can be used several times. Crude oil is an excellent and cheap material for greasing concrete forms, and can be applied with a white wash brush. The oil should be ap1ied every time the concrete forms are used. The object is to fill the pores of the wood, rather than to cover it with a film of grease. Thin soft- soap, or a paste made from soap and water, is also sometimes used. In constructing a factory building of two or three stories usually the same set of concrete forms are used for the different floors; but when the building is more than four stories high, two or more sets of concrete forms are specified, so as always to have one set of concrete forms ready to move. The concrete forms should be so tight as to prevent the water and thin concrete mortar from running through, and thus carrying off the cement. This is accomplished by means of tongued-and-grooved or beveled- edge boards (Fig. 153); but it is often possible to use square lumber if it is thoroughly wet so as to swell it before the concrete is placed. The beveled-edge boards are often preferred to tongued-and-grooved boards, as the edges tend to crush as the boards swell, and beveling prevents buckling. Lumber for concrete forms may be made of 1-inch, 11-inch, or 2-inch plank. The spacing of studs depends in part upon the thickness of concrete to be supported, and upon the thickness of the boards on which the concrete is placed. The size of the studding depends upon the height of the concrete wall and the amount of bracing used.

Except in very heavy or high concrete walls, 2 by 4-inch or 2 by 6-inch studs are used. For ordinary floors with 1-inch plank, the supports should be placed about 2 feet apart; with 1-inch plank, about 3 feet apart; and with 2-inch plank, 4 feet apart. The length of time required for concrete to set depends upon the weather, the consistency of the concrete, and the strain which is to come on it. In good drying weather, and for very light work, it is often possible to remove the concrete forms in 12 to 24 hours after placing the concrete, if there is no load placed on it. The setting of concrete is greatly retarded by cold or wet weather. Concrete forms for concrete arches and beams must be left in place longer than in concrete wall work, because of the tendency to fail by rupture across the arch or beam. In small, circular arches, like sewers, the concrete forms may be removed in 18 to 24 hours if the concrete is mixed dry; but if wet concrete is used, in 24 to 48 hours. Concrete forms for large arch culverts and arch bridges are seldom taken down in less than14 days; and it is often specified that they must not be struck for 28 days after placing the last concrete. In ordinary floor construction, consisting of concrete slabs, girders, and beams, the concrete forms are usually left in place at least a week.

In constructing concrete columns, the concrete forms are usually erected complete; the full height of the concrete columns and concrete is dumped in at the top. The concrete must be mixed very wet, as, t cannot be rammed very thoroughly at the bottom, and care must be taken not to displace the steel. Sometimes the concrete forms are constructed in short sections, and the concrete is placed arid rammed as the concrete forms are built. The ends of the bottom of the concrete forms for the girders and beams are usually supported by the concrete column concrete forms. To give a beveled edge to the corner of the concrete columns, a triangular strip is fastened in the corner of the concrete forms. Fig. 154A shows the common way, or some modification of it, of constructing concrete forms for concrete columns. The plank maybe 1 inch, 1- inches, or 2 inches thick; and the cleats are usually 1 by 4 inches and 2 by 4 inches. The spacing of the cleats depends on the size of the concrete columns and the thickness of the vertical plank.

Are You in Rehoboth Massachusetts? Do You Need Concrete Cutting?

We Are Your Local Concrete Cutter

Call 781-519-2456

We Service Rehoboth MA and all surrounding Cities & Towns